Aeroplane.



W. D. SCOTT.

AEROPLANB. APPLICATION FILED .mmu, 1912.

Patented Apr. 8 1913.

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- INVENTOI? am A $0522 WITNESSES NJ M AWORNEYS W. D. SCOTT.

ABROPLANE. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 11, 1912.

Patented Apr. 8; 1913. 4

WITNESSES Nam W. D. SCOTT.

/ AEROPLANE.

APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 11, 1-913.

. 1,058,634 Patented Apr.8, 1913.

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WITNESSES r v I INVENTOI? 4 MM maze-am} @2022 and State. f

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Specification of Letters Patent.-

Airwoman filed January 11, 1912. Serial No. 670,568.

To afl whom it may concern:

.Be it known that L'WILLIA D. Scorr, c t zen f. t ni d t es, an a ten dent of Sp 'i ells, in the county .of Wayne filiichigan, have inv nt d a new and Improved'Aeroplane, of which the following a full, clear, and exam descrip tion.

Among the principal objects which the present invention has in view are: to rovide means for'producing a war ing e ect without impairin the. structura strength of the carryi g p fines; toprovide a mechanism universal in its 0 e'ration for controlling the steering an I warping. devices hanr oniously; to provide a. tail carryin planefor steadying the horizontal poise 'o the machine; to provide a system of duplex steering rudders to, augment the eflectwe: ness thereof to. provide a structure for the p anes wh h a gmen s the strengt h u materially increasing the weight thereof; and to provide means for *steadying the op e ation of the planes in their passage through the air. 7

One" embodiment of the present invention is disclosed in the structure illustrated in the accompanyi drawings, in which like characters of re erence denote corresponds ing parts. in all the views, andfin: Whichigui'e 1 is a plan View of an aeroplane constructed, and arranged in. accordance with the present invention; Fig.2 is a side elevation of the same Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the same; Fig. 4 is a cross section of the main carrying plane, on an enlarged scale, taken on the line 44 in Fig. 1; Fig; '5 is a detail View, on an enlarged scale,

' showing. in side elevation the levitating tail planes; Fig. 6 is a detailview, on an enlargedscale, showing in cross section the construction of the steadying'planes, taken on the line 6.6 in Fig. 1; Fig. 7 is a detail view, on an enlarged scale, showing a fragment of the body structure having the operating mechanism thereon, mounted; and Fig. 8. is a vertical section taken on the line 88 in Fig. 7,

As shown in the drawings, the invention is; disclosed as embodied in the form of an aeroplane known as 'a monoplane. As seen, the main carrying planes 11, 11 are connected midway the structural frame and may be extended laterally therefrom. to any desired distance. In the present invention, the

planes 11 are not tions 0? pivotally mounted to .be deflected. The

journal for the wheels 26,26.

provided with moving or warpin sections inthe sense that some rthe planes are warped, twiste -or structure of the planes 11 has throughout as rigid a frame as the character of the mach ne permits. 1 The forward ribs 12 of the planes are reinforced-and connected with the loWerfraInin-g structure by means of the .u1cl1ned braces 13, 13 and supporting struts 14, 14. The braces 13 and struts 14 are connected by a cross'brace 15, in which cross brace are formed bearings for the ropeller driving shafts. The structural ame is spider-like in form, being constructed from t e 1i htest suitable material, and is converge support the laterally disposed horizontal steering planes 17,17 and the vertical steering planes 1'6, 16.

A. ridge bracelS, as best seen in Fig. 2 of the drawings, is dipped toward the rear, and is held in sition' by a short strut 19. Theplanes 1 ,-11 are extended belowthe ridge brace 18, and

thus dispose the said carrying planes in a 8.0

desired osition to eifect the normal elevation of tlie machine. The outerends of the planes 11 are guyed from beneath by cables 20, 20, and above by cables 21, 21. The cables 21 connect the outer ends of the planes 11 with a short mast 22, which is set up on the ridge brace 18 and there held in position by a cross brace 23. The cables 20, as best seen in Fig. 3 of drawings,areanchored at each end of the axle 24 to an eyelet 25. Upon the-axle 24 is provided a he Wheels 26, 26 operate in conjunction with a wheel 27 to form' a carriage for the machine when the same is resting on the ground.

The machine is steered by the planes 16,: 16 and 17, 17. ,Each of theyplanes-IG is mounted upon-a pivotrod 28. At the'lowe'r ends of the rods 28 are crank-handles 29, to

which guiding cables 30 are attached; Be- 100 tween the rear and outer edges of the planes 16 is extended a spreader rod 31. The rod 31 maintains the parallel relation of the planes 16. As best seen in Figs. 7 and 8 of the drawings, the cables '30 are connected 105 with a tiller bar 32, which is mounted at the lower end of a tiller post 33. The tiller post 33,1at the upper end, is provided with a hand wheel, by which the said post is rotated.

The post'33, in rotatin'g,swings the bar 32 Patented Apr. 8, 1913.. I

to the rear of the main planes to I on its center, drawing one of the crank handies 29 to .the front, and the other tdthe rear, thus throwing the planes 16 in the same. direction and to one side of the line of flight of the machine. As hereinafter explained, the tiller post. 33 is formed in two sections united as shown in the drawings, to permit the upper end thereof to swing and thereby controllingly manipulate the planes 17, 17. From the foregoing, it will be seen A that when themachine is in flight, the horizontal lineof flight may be varied by rotating the wheel 34 to rock the tiller bar 32 and change the disposition of the vertical planes The inclination of the machine is varied by raising or lowering the planes 17, 17

"The'planes 17, 17 are provided with pivot rods 35, 35, which rods are rigidlyconnected tically reinforced by means 3s, 38.

To each of the masts 36 is connected an operating cable 39. The cables 39, 39 are led down thiough the frame of the machine,

and are carried forward by guide pulleys to be anchored to, a clip collar 40. .The cables 39 connect'the tiller post 33 and clip collar 40 with the ends of the upper and lower,

sections-of the mast 36, as seen best in Fig.

.9 2 of the drawings. The lowermost cable 39 is extended forward and moved about a pulley 41, and returned to be connected, as shown in Fig. 7, with the clip collar 40.

. The clip collar 40 is rotatively' mounted upon the upper section of the post 33. The

uppe'r'and lower sections of the post33' are connected by a knuckle joint 42. "The joint 42 permits the upper section of the post 33 to be swung forward and' back from the verti cal line. 5

It will be seen that with a steering mechanism constructed and arranged substantially as above set forth, the tiller post 33 may be rotated to rock the tiller bar 32 andjto throw the planes 16 to any desired position, and

while in such position, the'upper section of.

the post 33',maybe rocked forward or backward without disturbing the set of the lower section of the post 33. This action is accommodated by the knuckle joint 42.

The operation of the machine is steadied by the employment of a horizontally-disposed steadying plane 45. The plane 45 isbest seen in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, an'd it will be noticed that the plane,

startmgwith a diminished width at the forward end, is gradually widened to the width of theplane 17 Theplane 45 prevents any sudden jump of the rear end of the machine when the planes 17 are, through accident or inexperience, turnedtoo suddenly. The sluggishness produced by this plane 45 would enable the aviator to correct his error before any serious damage "resulted. A further effect produced is that it opera-cw as a feather on the shaft of an arrow to maintain or steady the line of flight of the whole machine. It will be understood that this 1 machine is substantially rigid.

the outer edge of each of the ,planes. The

rear ed e of the member 46 is provided with a framlng strip 48, whichis hinged to the plane 11,; and is pivotally-connected at the extreme outer edge of the plane with the plunger 49. The plunger 49 is slidably mounted in a perforation 50. provided in the framing structure of the plane 11. The outer corner of the member'46 is depressed to the position shown in full lines in Fig. 4 by a warping cable 52. The cables-52 are each connected with the tiller bar 32, and are led over'guide pulleys 53 to the outer or warping members 46.

By means of the rigging above described, it will be seen that in the proportion and as the tiller post 33 is rotated to rock the bar 32, the cables 30 and 52 on each side of the ously, the pull on the cable 52 depresses the outer corner of the member 46 at the left of the machine. Dropping the lower edge of the member. 46 on this side of the vmachine presents an added inclination for the levitationof the machine at this point, which ultimates in rocking the machine on its Ion-- gitudinal axis to raise the left or near side ofthe machine. As the machine is turning to the right, the proper action, as is known,

is to, lift the left wing which aids in banking around the curve. It will be understood that this warpin of the members 46, 46 is simultaneous wit and proportioned to, the throw of the. planes 16, 16. As the planes -16, 16 are righted to steerthe machine in a straight course, springs 51 take up the slack in the cables .52, and raise the plunger 49 and member 46 connected therewith against the under side of the plane 11.

The lever 44 'is pivotally mounted by means of a pin 63 upon the upper end of the post 33. At .the lower end, said lever is provided with a cross bar 64, to the ends of which are secured cables 62. This construction is best seen in Figs. 7 and 8 of the drawings. The cables 62 are .passed under pulleys 65 in the knuckle joint 42. From the pulleys 65, asseen best in Fig. 8 of the drawings, the cables 62 pass underthe pulleys 53, and from thence to the plungers 49. From the pulleys 53 to the plunger 49, the cables 52 and 62 are closely juxtaposed. In the drawings, in Figs. 2, 4 and 8, said cables are shown as being separated, this being an expedient to indicate the two cables.

When thus equipped, themachine is operated in part by the lever 44 to warp both of the sections 46, and simultaneously to vary the-levitation of the planes 11 to which the said sections are connected.

As seen in Figs. 1 and 3 of the drawings, the propellers 54 are mounted on twoshafts, which are supported in the framework of the machine, and are driven from a motor 55 by means of a transmission mechanism embodying chains 56. As seen in the same figures of the drawings, the aviators seat '57 is disposed just forward of: the motor 55 and within convenient 34 and lever44.

It will be noted that the propellers 54 are disposed a ove the lower and rearmo'st edge of the planes 11. The propellers are thus arranged to produce a current of air directly against the inclined surface of the planes l1, and thus aid in the levitation of the same.' A

To make the planes more ri id in strucreach of the wheel ture, without increasing the weightthereof,

I arrange the structural parts in the manner shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6. Referring to Fig.

-lengthwise of the said '4, which, as stated, is a cross section of the main carrying plane 11, it will be seen that plane are disposed These braces vary at the points 0, a

braces 12, 12 and 12". m length, and terminate and b of the extended planes 11. Crossing these braces transyersely are bowed ribs 58,

58. The ribs 58 are shaped to give' the desired form in cross section to the planes 11., Intermediate the braces'l2, 12 and 12 are disposed framing blocks 59. The blocks 59 a-re'formed in any desired manner, and are rigidly secured to the ribs 58. The length of the intervals between the ribs 58, 58

depends upon the desired rigidity of the structure.

As seen in Fig. 6, blocks 59 are placed midway between the ribs 58, 58. The shape thus imparted in cfoss section to the plane 45 is slightly bulging at the median center .of the plane and of the machine.

As seen in Fig. 5 of drawings, the arrangement of the blocks 59 is somewhat similar to the arrangement of said blocks in the structure of the main carrying planes 11, separating the ribs 58 toward the front of the planes.

The hollow space produced by this con .struction between the upper and lower skin or covering of the main and auxiliary planes is utilized by'me to produce what I have found to be a steadying action for the planes while in flight through the air.

At the forward fend of each of the planes, I construct openings 66, properly reinforced to prevent fraying or wear. These openings are provided to admit air while the machine a is in fiight. At the" rear of each of the planes, and as in the plane45, along the edge thereof, I form perforations 60, through which the partly-compressed air rushes, to, byl its impact on the surroundingatmosp ere, steadythe operation or position of the planes so constructed.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent a 1. In a machine such as described, carrying-planeseach having an upper and lower cover, said covers being spaced apart to form air spaces, and said planes being provided with passages disposed at the forward edge of said'planes to admit air to the interior of said planes, and said planes being further provided with perforations adjacent the rear edge of each of said planes to deliver air to prevent rarefication of the air through which the planes are passing. 4

2. Ina machine such as described, a struc 'tural frame, a carrying plane mounted on said frame and forwardly upwardly tilted,

said plane having a hollow structure pro- K vided with a receiving passage at the forward edge and delivery perforations adja- LOUIS 0171, 'F. F. TER Y. 

